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The Brotherly Leader and Guide of the Revolution ((アラビア語:الشقيق القائد ومرشد الثورة)) was an unofficial title held by former Libyan leader Muammar Gaddafi, who claimed to be merely a symbolic figurehead of the country's official governance structure. However, critics have long described him as a demagogue, referring to his position as the ''de jure'' former political office, despite the Libyan state's denial of him holding any power.〔〔 ==History== (詳細はcoup d'état on 1 September 1969, in which King Idris I was deposed, Libya was governed by the Revolutionary Command Council (RCC) headed by Gaddafi. On 2 March 1977, after the adoption of the ''Declaration on the Establishment of the Authority of the People'', the RCC was abolished and the supreme power passed into the hands of the General People's Congress.〔(Text of the Declaration ) 〕 Gaddafi then became Secretary-General of the General People's Congress. On 2 March 1979, Gaddafi renounced all public functions and was designated the "Leader" (') of the Libyan state and was accorded the honorifics "Guide of the First of September Great Revolution of the Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya" or "Brotherly Leader and Guide of the Revolution" in government statements and the official press.〔US Department of State's Background Notes, (Nov. 2005) ("Libya - History" ), ''U.S. Dept. of State'', Accessed July 14, 2006〕 Although this title was officially used only from 1979, it is often applied for the whole period of Gaddafi's rule. Although Gaddafi had no official government function from 1979, it was understood that he exercised near-absolute control over the government and the country. His 42 years in power prior to the civil war in 2011 have made him the fourth longest-ruling non-royal national leader since 1870, as well as the longest-ruling Arab leader.〔Charles Féraud, "Annales Tripolitaines", the Arabic version named "Al Hawliyat Al Libiya", translated to Arabic by Mohammed Abdel Karim El Wafi, Dar el Ferjani, Tripoli, Libya, vol. 3, p.797.〕 Although ousted from Tripoli at the end of August 2011, Gaddafi retained this ''de facto'' position as leader of the Pro-Gaddafi forces, until his defeat and murder by the Anti-Gaddafi forces in the Battle of Sirte on 20 October 2011. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Brotherly Leader and Guide of the Revolution」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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